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The position of Rector, unique among Canadian universities, was established in 1912 and modelled after similar positions at Scottish universities. The primary function of the Rector is to represent students on the Board of Trustees. Some Rectors, however, have also used the office in a more informal way to help students with administrative problems by providing information and advice.

The Rector also has certain ceremonial responsibilities, the most important of which is to join the Chancellor and the Principal on the dais at convocations. The Rector is frequently called upon to represent students on university committees, such as those which select the Principal and honorary degree recipients.

The Rector was previously elected by students to a three-year term (now a two-year term), but until 1969 no students were chosen; instead, the Rector tended to be some prominent friend of Queen's, such as the senior public servant O.D. Skelton (1929-1935), former Prime Minister R.B. Bennett (1935-1937), and the businessman and chair of the CBC Leonard Brockington (1947-1968). In 1969, students forced the resignation of the Rector, Senator Grattan O'Leary – since that time, students have been elected to the post ever since.

Vice-Principal Academic began in 1966 with Frederick W. Gibson as the first VP Academic. The position was primarily responsible for overall academic planning. George A. Harrower was appointed as Vice-Principal Academic in June 1969. Harrower remained in this position until April 30 1976 when a reorganization that saw the elimination of the Vice-Principal Academic. However, in 1995, a restructuring of the vice-principal portfolios by Principal Leggett resulted in the formation of the Vice-Principal Academic position once again. David Turpin served as the first Vice-Principal Academic in this new iteration. The role of Vice-Principal Academic was further changed in 2009 with the additional title and responsibilities of Provost.

Queen's is distinguished from all but a handful of other Canadian universities by the fact that its most powerful official is a "Principal," not a "President." This reflects the University's Scottish heritage: the University's founders chose this more modest title, which emphasizes the Principal's role as an academic among academics, in imitation of Edinburgh University, their model for Queen's. At first, the Principal of Queen's had to be a Presbyterian minister and always held the concurrent position of Primarius Professor of Theology; that requirement formally ended in 1912, when Queen's separated from the Presbyterian Church. Still, the old tradition proved persistent; the string of Principals who were ministers was not broken until 1929. Since then the office has been held by a geologist, a classicist, two political scientists, three economists and a biologist.

Throughout, as chief academic and executive officer, the Principal has remained the University's most important official. The Principal is accountable to the Board of Trustees for the management of the University (for administration, budget, and staffing, for example), and to the Senate for the implementation of academic policies. The Principal chairs the Senate and serves as the link between Queen's two principal governing bodies. The administrative responsibilities that accompany the office are considerable: the Principal is responsible for setting the overall budget allocations for each faculty and school, in consultation with the Vice-Principals and the Deans; the Principal as well must approve every academic appointment, promotion, or award of tenure or leave, after receiving recommendations from the Vice-Principal (Academic) and relevant dean and department head.

The Principal also plays a major role in policy-making by formulating proposals for the academic and physical development of the University for consideration by the Board and the Senate. An important role in formulating policies is also played by advisory committees under the Principal's authority. In recent years these have included the committees advising on the status of women, gender issues, race relations, alcohol awareness, disabilities, resource issues and corporate involvement. The Principal, or his delegate, is a member of most Board and Senate committees, and the Principal chairs, the Senate Agenda Committee, and the Senate Committee on Honorary Degrees, as well as the Executive Committee of the University Council and all committees to select Vice-Principals and Deans. The Principal is also responsible for representing the university on such external bodies as the Council of Ontario Universities (COU) and the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC).

Since 1974, Principals have been appointed for five-year terms, renewable subject to review. The formal authority for the appointment of the Principal rests under the Royal Charter with the Board of Trustees. Recent Principals have been selected by a joint committee of Trustees and Senators including , faculty, students, alumni, trustees and staff. There has been some confusion about the official numbering of Queen's Principals because the University was led by an acting principal for four years in the 1850s. The current convention is to include that Acting Principal in the official count.

Principals since 1841:
The Rev Thomas Liddell (1841-1846)
The Rev John Machar (1846-1853)
The Rev James George (acting Principal 1853-1857)
The Rev John Cook (1857-1859)
The Rev William Leitch (1859-1864)
The Rev William Snodgrass (1864-1877)
The Rev George Monro Grant (1877-1902)
The Rev Daniel Miner Gordon (1902-1916)
The Rev Robert Bruce Taylor (1917-1929)
Sir William Hamilton Fyfe (1930-1936)
Robert Charles Wallace (1936-1951)
William Archibald Mackintosh (1951-1961)
James Alexander Corry (1961-1968)
John James Deutsch (1968-1974)
Ronald Lampman Watts (1974-1984)
David Chadwick Smith (1984-1994)
William Claude Leggett (1994-2004)
Karen R. Hitchcock (2004-2008)
Thomas R. Williams (2008-2009)
Daniel Robert Woolf (2009 to present)

The Chair in the History of Medicine at Queen's University has been funded since 1975 by resources provided by Associated Medical Services Incorporated/Hannah Institute (AMS). It is named in honour of the latter's founder Jason A. Hannah, M.D. (Queen's, 1928). In 2000, it was fully endowed through a generous donation from AMS.

The Chair is located in the Faculty of Health Sciences, but it is linked through the professor's cross-appointments and teaching to the Faculties of Arts and Science, Graduate Studies, Education, and Law.

Programs offered by the Chair include a historical course of study for medical students, elective courses, a faculty seminar, undergraduate arts courses, graduate courses, graduate counselling, references or bibliographic assistance to individuals, guest lectures by visiting scholars (the Annual Hannah Happenings), displays of books and artefacts, and the acquisition of historical works suited to the research interests of members of the Queen's community. The Chair supports local initiatives such as the Museum of Health Care, and the Kingston Historical Society.

Between 1988 and 1990, the posts of Dean of Women and Director of Residences were temporarily combined; since 1990, the Office of the Director of Residences has been in charge of all residences. The Office of the Dean of Women relinquished any direct residence management role. The Director of Residences was responsible to the Associate Dean (Student Affairs).

A movement to appoint a Dean of Women began at Queen's University in the 1890s, when female students debated, off and on, whether such an official would benefit them, or whether it would interfere too much with their independence. The movement gathered steam after 1900, when the number of women students at Queen's had reached a few hundred, and concerns grew about the morals and deportment of female students living in crowded boarding houses near campus, often alongside men. Still, many women students remained ambivalent, or opposed to such an initiative. So, in 1911, the University hired only an "advisor to women". In 1918, the post was retitled and the former "advisor," Caroline McNeill, became the University's first Dean of Women. McNeill, who only later became a faculty member herself, was the wife of a professor. All subsequent Deans (with the exception of Evelyn Reid in the 1970's) have held academic appointments jointly with the Deanship, in subjects ranging from English to Astrophysics.

When Ban Righ Hall opened in 1925 and, at the same time, Hilda Laird took over the post of Dean, the job took on a new dimension: the Dean of Women lived in residence with women students and supervised them directly, making and enforcing rules about such things as curfews, late-leaves and visitors. The Dean also made rules for women who lived off-campus, supervising how they dressed (no "slacks," except at breakfast (until the 1960's), and their choice of housing (no unsupervised apartments, no boarding houses with men, no boarding houses that had not been personally approved by the Dean). The Dean played a role in the day-to-day operation of the women's residences, reporting to the Ban Righ Board. That management role became more substantial in the 1970's, when the Ban Righ Board became an advisory body only and the Dean of Women took over the entire job of running the women's residences (and, between 1988 and 1990, all residences), before relinquishing all involvement in residence management in 1990. After Victoria Hall opened in 1965, the Dean of Women moved her quarters there; successive Deans continued to live there until 1990, when the "in-residence" tradition ended and the Dean moved to an office in Mackintosh-Corry Hall.

By the early 1990's, Queen's was one of only a handful of universities in Canada that still had a Dean of Women. Over the decades her role had evolved from that of surrogate parent to a resource for students, faculty, and staff, and in particular for women on campus. The Dean of Women was available for consultation and discussion on the wide variety of issues that affect women at the University. She also provided information on services available for women in the Queen's community, sponsored special events, and offered informal counselling on personal, academic, and financial matters.

In the mid-1990's, Principal William Leggett identified the need to re-examine the position and its activities in the context of a larger review of equity and human-rights structures at the University. The review, completed in 1996, recommended a more broadly integrated equity structure at Queen's. The position of Dean of Women was discontinued, and in 1996, a new position, the University Advisor on Equity, was created. In 1997, determined to preserve the legacy of the position, the Alumni Association's Committee on Women's Affairs established a Steering Committee to direct the writing of a history of the Office of the Dean of Women. The result, "Their Leaven of Influence: Deans of Women at Queen's University, 1916-1996", by Queen's alumnae, Maureen McCallum Garvie and Jennifer L. Johnson, was published in 1999.

Deans of Women:
Caroline McNeill (1918-1925)
Hilda Laird (1925-1934)
Winnifred Kydd, O.B.E. (1934-1939)
Allie Vibert Douglas (1939-1959)
Beatrice Bryce (1959-1971)
Evelyn Reid (1971-1980)
Elspeth Baugh (1980-1993)
Pamela Dickey Young (1993-1996)

The Office of Institutional Research and Planning was formed in 2000 and reported to VP Academic. Prior to that, it was called Resources Planning and reported to the Associate VP of Planning, who reported up to VP Academic. Resources Planning started in 1973.
The purpose of the Office of Institutional Research and Planning was to inform and support strategic and operational objectives at Queen’s with timely and relevant data, analysis, information, and recommendations. This was accomplished by collecting, generating, assembling, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating data and information. They also interacted and shared data with external partners and provided research results to contribute to decision-making initiatives within Queen’s.

Institutional Research and Planning is now part of the Office of Planning and Budgeting, which reports directly to the Office of the Provost and Vice-Principal (Academic).

The Office of Career Services offers a variety of services and programs to help students find summer employment
and permanent employment and to plan their careers after graduation.

The staff at Career Services organize on-campus recruiting by business and government, maintain notices of
available employment opportunities, and run a career information system. The staff also provide students with
access to internship, co-op and volunteer opportunities.

The Career Services office also houses a library of information on graduate and professional schools and career
development, and offers career counselling and workshops in resume writing, interviews, and planning a job
search. The service is responsible to the Dean of Student Affairs.