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File consists of a recording of Olive David. Topics of the conversation include TAPE ONE Lasting friendships made in Queen's women's residences. English and French at Queen's; attendance Ontario College of Education; surplus of teachers in job market, fortunate extension of Brockville Collegiate temporary teaching appointment to fifteen years. Specialist qualification in Phys. Ed at Queen's summer school. Entrance into teaching as part of 'drift' (for want of options) of female graduates into OCE; continuation through utter happiness of Brockville years. Splendid Brockville friendships; community role as co-founder of local Girl Guides. Restless ambition during WWII; resignation from teaching; enrolment in Columbia Univ. summer school (French, Spanish, Abnormal Psychology). Wonderful experience of New York: residence in International House, 'a broadening experience'; cheap daily theatre attendance; discovery of vocational interest through conversation with social worker, Columbia Univ. aptitude test. Enrolment in Univ. of Toronto School of Social Work, 1943-45; position as head of student body, representative on U. of T. students' executive counciI. Former position as editor of apolitical Levana Society section, Queen's Journal; position on Ban Righ Council; non-existence of campus women's movement (1923-25). Warm memories of Prof. Macdonald's Sunday night open houses; student friendships, acquaintance with everyone; successful years of Queen's football team. Student attendance at Morrisburg High School; near certainty of proceeding to university if one entered upper school; farm parents' anxiety that children should be educated; brother's previous attendance at Queen's. Three brilliant male contemporaries sent up to Queen's from Morrisburg High (including Dr. B.W. Sargent of Queen's Physics Dept., member of Chalk River nuclear energy team). Continuing love of family farm. Summer courses in Trois Pistoles, Guelph, Toronto; visit to desolate part of Alaska, opportunity to see how people managed their lives; terrific visit with Queen's grad Margaret White's family in Jamaica. Salary of $2100 per year at time of resignation from teaching, sense of having and enjoying everything. Happy supervision of five YWCA day camps (employed by Queen's grad Eva Coombe, head of Toronto YWCA) during summers at School of Social Work.//Quebec conference on community planning, 1944: insight into fermenting Quebecois problem of cultural self-preservation, liberation from English Canadian and Roman Catholic domination. Executive directorship of Ottawa YWCA (six and a half years); introduction of rotating board memberships, fund-raising cafeteria; inability to maintain managerial aloofness, compulsion to pitch in to activities at all levels. Splendid staff; enjoyment of being integral part of Ottawa community, actively connected with network of social service agencies. Executive directorship of Windsor YW - YMCA (four and a half years) as first female director of joint Association, resignation of three male members in protest (two of whom returned); acceptance, co-operation from male/female board, absence of sexist discrimination. YM - YWCA programmes, staff, counselling and residence services; travellers’ aid department in Ottawa, boardinghouse inspection services in Windsor. Windsor service clubs the Ysmen, Ysmenettes; close connection with Detroit YMCA, YWCA. Resignation, 1956; postponement of European travelling plans, renewal of Ottawa friendships; explanation of Zonta service club organisation. Membership in Red Cross Austrian mission, directing camp for Hungarian refugees en route to Canada; campsite in former army training camp, badly bombed because of proximity to Messerschmidt factory (of 3500 member community, 18 houses remained intact); responsibility for entertaining refugees, largely by encouraging their own exceptional artistic talents.//TAPE TWO Details of refugee camp: flow of money and goods from League of Red Cross; purchase of musical instruments for camp orchestra; kindergarten, wonderfully decorated with mural paintings by camp artists, 'so willing to beautify the place'; absence of language problems, discovery that man communicates in many more ways than by speech alone. Feeling of brotherhood (despite inconvenient lack of privacy, dormitory life); moving expressions of cultural solidarity: heartfelt renditions of Hungarian national anthem, camp-member's valuable poem on valise of Hungarian memories packed to come to Canada. Close of camp; European holiday tour with Red Cross associates. Summer employment in similar camp for unwanted Hungarian refugees denied access to adoptive countries. Year's travel in Europe; unusual fortune in linking up with old friends and new acquaintances. Mistaken identification as Red Cross nurse, receipt of Red Crescent (Red Cross) hospitality, Istanbul; voluntary instruction of much-desired English language instruction classes in return. Stimulating stay in Athens YWCA (active career-training centre for Greek women: 5000 members learning typing, shorthand, embroidery, etc.), acquaintance with fascinating woman historian later visited in Salzburg; chance meeting with old friend in Florence; three­month stay with new friends in Vienna; tour of France and Spain with former Brockville acquaintance encountered in Geneva; Scandinavian tour with American acquaintance, visiting Viennese friend's relations; departure to England, received by family (Margaret White) formerly visited in Jamaica. Return to Canada, 1958. Refusal of job offer to direct Montreal YWCA; executive appointment to Toronto Social Planning Council (Area Councils section) as investigator of community services. //Ten-year employment with Social Planning Council: joint battle with Margaret Campbell to establish children's daycare centres; initiation with church organisations of 'Meals on Wheels' programme; pioneer research into early identification of children's learning problems; study of recreational needs and existing facilities; fruitful cooperation with Public Health nurses (a mine of community information); eye-opening investigation into lives of Toronto's senior citizens. Good staff relations on SPC; retirement just as Toronto citizens were beginning to participate (previous difficulty getting people involved). Unsatisfactory attempt to combine teaching and social work experience as teacher at Richmond Hill school for the emotionally disturbed; resignation after one term, frustrated by inability to reach many violently disturbed children. Blissful appointment as first director of Summer Centre for Seniors (1 000 participants in 1970), exercising SPC contacts and experience; never-failing supply of volunteer-workers; regretful resignation after two years on account of bad knee condition. Support of women's movement objective of equal pay for equal work; recognition of sexual discrimination in society, despite personal experience of complete equality in terms of pay, acceptance by working associates. Personal inability to function unless on equal working terms with superiors and subordinates alike. Tendency of women's lib speakers to hog discussion time in male-and-female public debates; Laura Sabia's humorous control of one man's attempt to make public fun of her. Doubtful success of Royal Commission on the Status of Women in changing men's attitudes to women. Belief in supporting individuals as people, not in their roles as men or women.

File consists of a recording of Dr. Allie Vibert Douglas. Topics of the conversation include concern as Queen's Dean of Women (1939) that women students should contribute to WWII: establishment of Red Cross workroom, production of quilts for underground shelters and hospitals, Britain. Mandatory two hours' war work per student weekly: option of Red Cross workroom, canteen work, or military visiting duties, 'anything that made a more useful citizen'. Compulsory lectures, preparing students for possible sabotage emergencies; option of evening courses at KCVI, developing able wartime citizenship. Compulsory St. John's Ambulance first aid course in first term, home nursing in final term; generous participation of doctors, Kingston General Hospital staff; end-of-year examinations (compulsory repetition in case of failure). Head of Phys. Ed. Miss Ross' valuable course in basic drill, leading to enlistment of many female students in army, air force, navy (e.g. Mrs. Fred Gibson). Soccer practice of Commonwealth air trainees on Queen's lower campus: 'it was lovely to see them'. Mrs. Grace Miller's knowledge (as math student at Queen's prior to WWI) of subject (by name) as math student at McGill: notoriety of Canadian women math students due to scarcity. Three undergraduate years at McGill, four years in London (c. WWI). Astonishment after Queen's appointment (1939) that 'women were really hardly regarded as full members of the university'; universal disaster was required to open Medical School to women at McGill (WWI), Queen's (WWII). Subject's written recommendation that Queen's Med School be opened to women; Principal Wallace's rationalization of continued discrimination; pressure applied by wartime government, badly in need of qualified doctors. Limited admission of selected female Med. students midway through WWII. Exclusive male societies on Queen's campus (Philosophy, Political Science); subject's protest of Principal Wallace's customary absence at women's Levana Society graduating dinner, soon rectified. Teas held by subject (as Department of Immigration representative at Queen's) for overseas students (mostly men), limited by rationing, tight university budget; problem of racially prejudiced Kingston landladies, efforts of Mr. Dewar hunting out welcoming accommodations. Proposal of Overseas Club by Jamaican student; donation by public-spirited Service Club man of former home of Physics Professor Harry Harkness (sponsor of Chinese students; high proportion of Chinese in original Overseas programme at Queen's) as first International Students' Centre. Memberships in international organizations: International Federation of University Women (since 1920); International Union of Astronomers; International Union for History and Philosophy of Science. Appointment as IFUW president (1947). Overseas conference participation twice yearly; thoughtful solicitation of chocolate bars from Queen's students, distributed at post-war sugar-starved European conferences; similar distribution of toilet soap at University Service-run recuperation camps (Zurich vicinity) for deported students of occupied countries, who had caught tuberculosis while serving at hard labour. Opportunity to share conference experiences with Queen's students, to impart new discoveries to astronomy students before textbooks could publish them. Honorary degree from University of Queensland, awarded alongside Mlle Jeanne Chaton (heroic underground figure in World Wars I and II). Desperate difficulty securing accommodation in Czechoslovakia prior to 1967 Astronomical Conference (rejection of foreigners by hotel managements unless recommended by Tourist Bureau); lovely experience walking in mountains, 'you felt so safe'. VIP treatment of delegates to Moscow conference of International Union of Astronomers; tour of great Soviet observatories (Leningrad, Crimea, Georgia: Armenian observatory of Dr. V.A. Ambartsumyan). Queen's Ellis Hall observatory, used for student training, public education; potential for modest research programme in photoelectric photometry. Work at Cambridge, England (1921-3) under Lord Ernest Rutherford, Sir Arthur Eddington. Subject's biography of Eddington (pubIished 1956): encouragement from fellow astronomical delegates, rejection by Cambridge University Press as too great a financial risk, acceptance by Nelson's Edinburgh.//lnternational expansion of IFUW: founding in 1918 by 'two outstanding women', Professor Caroline Spurgeon (London University), Dean Virginia Gildersleeve; Canada as third entrant; acquisition of nearly all Western European countries; loss of several nations to USSR following WWII. African memberships in IFUW; Makerere University conference; IFUW work encouraging discriminatory Muslim countries to open higher education to women. Grenoble IUA conference. Realization at Cambridge of personal unsuitability for experimental physics, ideal suitability for astrophysics. Subject's introduction of Astrophysics at McGill University; enlargement of Queen's undergraduate astrophysics programme, introduction of graduate-level programme. Full schedule as combined Dean of Women and Astrophysics lecturer, especially heavy during WWII; disapproval of male 'raids' on women's residences as form of 'bullying', dealings with male students; criticism of University Administration for not taking measures to protect women students from nervous strain. Student accommodation difficulties following WWII: 'great rush' of OVA students back to campus; 'marvellous time' had by mature female students (packed like sardines into newly rented residence house); enthusiastic leadership of Warden Evelyn Macleod. Alterations made for residential purposes to wooden Army huts at St. Mary's-of-the-Lake Hospital; Principal Wallace's anxiety that smoking in residence be prohibited to mature female students, despite permission to male students; subject's refusal to administer a sexist prohibition so absurdly illogical.

File consists of a recording of Edith Ferguson. Topics of the conversation include application for highschool teaching positions,1932-41; unhappy employment at lower salary in public schools. Teaching career seen in rural Ontario childhood as least of three possible evils (nursing, stenography); decision to quit and enter social work (inspired by women professionals' programme of talks to women students, arranged by Queen's Dean of Women Hilda Laird). Attendance at School of Social Work, Univ. of Toronto; temporary employment in Hamilton community centre. 'Bitty' employment, Toronto, 1938-41 (supply-teaching, clerical work, reading to blind person); job-hunting, extensive reading. Employment in munitions plant (1941-43) as personnel interviewer, as factory worker till contraction of dermatitis (occupational hazard). YMCA employment as assistant organiser, armed services recreation programmes; transfer to Scotland; details of services. Application, eager for adventure, to United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration programme (London); clerical posting to British Zone, Germany, duties as welfare officer in displaced persons camps. Poor housing in camps; multinational population, administration; multilingual atmosphere; social life and travel commitments of administrators. Return to Canada, 1947; two months' residence with mother; undesirable, uneconomical employment as caseworker, Toronto Children's Aid Society. Transfer to Columbia Univ. for MA in Adult Education; completion of degree by two summers' fulltime study, one-year's part­ time coursework combined with overload of menial employment (I don't think I've ever worked so hard before or since'). Return to Canada, renewed unemployment, residence with mother; cornering of community organisation and adult education jobs, seen as new fields in Canada, by men; postwar job priority accorded to men. Seasonal employment with Ontario Farm Radio Forum; summer employment with Canadian Association for Adult Education; temporary employment with Canadian Citizenship Council, as Canadian immigration counsellor in International Refugee Organisation camps, Germany. Improvement in camp conditions since previous employment. Employment as assistant to Director, Windsor Social Planning Council, 1952-60; enjoyment of community service committee activities (housing, mental health, immigration, unemployment), widespread conference participation. //Resignation from WSPC; recognition of personal restlessness, disinclination to stagnate, tendency to succession of short-term jobs combined with assiduous job-hunting. One-year employment as Director of community centre for established 'Black' community and newcomer West Indians (Toronto), problems integrating downtrodden 'Blacks' with self-confident West Indians. Fifteen-month stint as committee worker on Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; pursuit of interest in immigration, despite expectation of remaining with SPC till retirement. Previous inability to find work in self-acknowledged field of immigration because of Canadian lack of understanding of immigrant problems, consequent lack of services. Sacrifice of job security for two-year appointment as special project supervisor, International Institute of Metropolitan Toronto; challenge of reorienting post-WWII immigrant services to accommodate new wave of Mediterranean rural immigrants. Widely publicized report Newcomers in Transition, leading to second two-year project (male-oriented) to convert unskilled immigrant people into semi-skilled workers; summary report Newcomers and New Learning. Two years' work with eight temporary employers: YMCA national headquarters, St. Christopher House (settlement house), Canadian Council on Social Development, Canadian Association of Social Workers, Toronto City Planning Dept., Cradleship Crèche day-nursery, Board of Education truancy department, Royal Commission on Status of Women. Brief return to Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; five months' temporary survey work with Dept. of Manpower and Immigration. Critical report Immigrant Integration (directed at Ontario government), prepared for independent Ontario Economic Council; subject's pride in extra funds allotted to provincial immigration dept. as result of her recommendations. Employment since 1971: preparation of handbook for immigrants (Ministry of Community and Social Services); report on migrants, People on the Move (Canadian Council on Social Development); task force survey, Secretary of State dept.; seasonal employment, Ministry of Culture and Recreation; as organiser of intercultural seminars in ten Toronto cultural neighbourhoods, helping community workers and immigrants to understand each other; preparing publications for Guidance Section, Faculty of Education, Univ. of Toronto. Subject's 'outstanding woman' award, Province of Ontario (International Women's Year), election to Order of Canada. Precariousness, financial uncertainty of subject's career; motto 'I'd rather be dead than be bored', readiness to quit work which proved unsatisfactory. Mushrooming of immigration services in subject's time; dismay at lack of interest shown in beginning stages, social workers' insensitivity to immigrant problems. Smooth sailing of subject's career following Toronto professional recognition. Quebec separatist issue seen in light of larger multiculturalism issue; Canada as a country still in process of building, assimilating. Changes in Canadian social life since Depression era: self-reliance, resourcefulness of earlier social gatherings (subject's organ accompaniment to brother's fiddle numbers at Depression barn dances); greater sociabiIity, inexpensive fun, 'just plain visiting' of recently bygone Canadian era.

File consists of a recording of Grace Miller. Topics of the conversation include Queen's Math Dept. c. 1911; ready acceptance of Queen's graduates by other grad schools. Doctoral work as theoretical possibility, highly unusual; MA degrees more standard. Strong encouragement, lack of inhibiting sexual discrimination, in subject's education, family life; contrast with Queen's sexist discrimination against granddaughter as Med School applicant. Daughter's attendance at Queen's, determined by family loyalty, financial considerations. Queen's campus, 1911-14: 250 female student population, possibility of knowing everyone. Shock of gas and oil lighting in 'Old Residence', Earl Street, after Ottawa electricity. Acquaintance with future husband in tiny Queen's office shared by 8 mathematics instructors. Etta Newlands, female math instructor at Queen's during 1890s; increase in female employees at Queen's following WWI years, Charlotte Whitton era. 1976/77 as first year Queen's female freshman (54%) have outnumbered men. Candlelighting ceremony, dated back to period between 1914 and 1921. Levana Society as far more active than Arts Society male counterpart; Levana disciplinary Council. Alumnae Association's women's residence fund drive, organised by active Ottawa members (Marty, Muir, Shortt): clock system of contributions, rummage sales. Organisation of general Alumni Association. Residence Fund Treasurers Miss Redden, May Chown. Aletta Marty, 'the most important person I ever met': exceptional abilities as French tutor; concern for women's higher education, women's place in society; recall by Queen's for Ban Righ sod-turning ceremony, honorary degree; death on return from Africa; Alumnae Marty Scholarship fund. Technical job, Topographical Surveys Dept., Ottawa, till 1921. Jeanne LeCaine Agnew, Queen's math grad, employed by McGill for WWII bomb research; frustrating restriction on early writings as classified information, thus unpublishable. Subject's return to Queen's for post-war celebrations: return of Grant Hall to university by army; huge convocation exercises; employment by Queen's Math Dept., hard-pressed to staff veteran-packed engineering courses. Sudden retirement from executive work; previous extensive involvement (past President) with Queen's Alumnae. Role of Alumnae apart from General Alumni Association; blow felt by Levana Society merger with Arts and Science Society. Alumnae role advancing women for executive positions. Admiration, dubious regard, for Charlotte Whitton; Whitton as subject of excellent radio programme; horror at Kay Whitton's comments on Charlotte. Omission of Whitton Hall ('I fear it was on purpose') on Queen's campus. Social evenings in Grant Hall. Drinking on campus as reported fact, never personally witnessed. Residence rules, 'made to be broken'; comparative boarding-house freedom. Subject's Math major, Physics minor; lecture/lab hours. Adequacy of Grant Hall for Convocation purposes; present-day arena-capacity requirements. Annexation of private houses for residence purposes; Observatory building used by Math students. Side Two is a recording of Catherine Campbell. Topics of the conversation include position as Chief Social Worker, Children's Section, Clarke Institute (Toronto), since 1966; 15 years' previous work with Toronto Psychiatric Hospital. Initial high proportion of children patients giving way to high proportion of adolescents. Recent shift within multi-disciplined Institute to cross­discipline expansion, based on specialist's desire to broaden role. Subject's original home in Weston, Ont.; juggled high school education due to crowding difficulties, quibbling over Toronto area boundaries. Attendance at Queen's, encouraged by family situation: responsibilities on farm too great after mother's death, family insistence that subject escape home pressures. Education as family priority, concern of musically-educated mother; freedom to choose place of study despite financial considerations. Queen's general Arts programme, subject's Psychology major. Enjoyment of Queen's: women students (300) as 25% of student population; participation in baseball team. Leanings toward social work encouraged by summer camp employment, influential Public Health aunt who praised social work, discouraged nursing. Lack of Sociology faculty at Queen's, extra course required for entrance to U of T MSW programme 10 years later. Position with Children's Aid (1947-9), 'great fun': working out of Timmins to Hearst, James Bay; colourful temporary child abandonment case, regular abandonment of children during blueberry-picking season. Interlude of marriage, period of psychometrical work in Toronto schools, 1937-47. Transfer to Toronto Psychiatric Hospital(government institute),1949; transfer to Clarke Institute (private board), 1966. Effect of financial cutbacks on subject's work: staff decrease from 9 to 3 since 1966; less administrative work, some teaching, more clinical duties. Change in patient problems: 1949-66 mostly neurotic cases (i.e. isolated character problem) from middle class, 2-parent families; since 1966, largely multi-problem cases (involving total character, more difficult to analyse) from single-parent families; wider class spread since OHIP subsidy. Upsurge in multi-problem patients perhaps related to upsurge in child-psychology specialists dealing with neurotic difficulties. Difficulties faced by single parents, single-parent offspring; problems caused by pressure on women to take outside work. Subject's training, sense of humour, as aids to perspective; ability to be compassionate at work, shed problems before going home. Enjoyment of many interests, hobbies; domestic responsibility for 90-year-old aunt. Friendships in and out offield, particularly with Timmins people and Queen's grad Martha Sheppard. Division of working women into three groups: bright, educated, professional women who want to work and therefore should; secretarial-level workers who often wish not to work, feel they must, yet can't afford acceptable mother­substitutes, and therefore shouldn't work; mothers who find children trying and need work as a reassurance of personal adequacy. Opinion that children need one-to-one care till at least age two. Younger Clarke workers' affinity with adolescent patients, helpful so long as they don't over-identify; subject's preference for child-patient work. Clarke day­treatment programme for children up to twelve.

File consists of a recording of Caroline Mitchell. Topics of the conversation include Kingston Whig Standard article on subject (May 1978). Subject's golf enthusiasm, acquaintance with Sandra Post, Jacqueline Bourassa. Playing golf in England with enlisted father (WWI), dependence of club on Canadian soldiers for membership. Cataraqui Club membership, 1920; current practice (aet. 75: good for health, bad for morale), swimming exercise at cottage. Subject as former badminton champion; 'dandy' club formed by merger of city and garrison clubs in antique school (Wellington and Gore St.); failure of club after forced sale of building, WWII. Curling activities from 1960. Skiing interest at Queen's. French, English studies, let lapse after graduation; uncertainty of personal ambitions. Study for study's sake customary among women during 1920s; schoolteachers as sole female careerists. Annual formals (Meds, Arts, Science, Science Overflow); coveted tickets to Science formal, site of Science Overflow in present-day City Hall. Cheap, pleasant 'social evenings' sponsored weekly by various Years. Continued single status of many of subject's female contemporaries; Sibyl Maclachlan as notable exception. Subject's indecisive 'chequered career': proprietorship of wool shop prompted by hobby interest, ended by wool rationing during WWII; unspecified war job; book-keeping for real estate office; unspecified work, Alcan; book-keeping for Queen's Women's Residences, 1963-71; retirement, 'the best job there is'. Rooming-house business continued since 1940s: previous conformity with ban on co-ed student housing, recent acceptance of both sexes; acquaintance with students through friends, 'no need to advertise'; job benefits of making friends, keeping active. 'Thrill' of honorary recognition by Cataraqui Golf Club. //Stay in Germany with former rooming couple, side-trips to Paris, Spain. Four years in English girls' school (WWI). Time-honoured Kingston 'roots', residence in grandfather's house since childhood; family background. Lack of formal qualifications for book-keeping work; 'dandy' position at Queen's under Dean Bryce; employment by Mr. Bryce at AIcan. Utter contentment living in Kingston. Enjoyment of work, colleagues, despite poor pay; refusal to take coffee breaks, seen as waste of employer's time; stoic indifference to unequal status as female worker, lack of interest in women's movement. 'Beautiful time' playing sports after graduation, lack of defined ambition; decision not to marry, 'I'm so glad I didn't'. Surprising lack of interest in baseball, football, hockey (despite interest in football team at Queen's). Curling acquaintance with Judge Alice McKeown; lawyer Cooky Cartwright, subject's golf 'protegee'. Sandra Post's first Ontario golf tournament, aet. 11; older members' jealous protestation against junior's age (i.e. skill). Cartwright's advocacy of women golfers' right to wear shorts; subject's disapproval of extremes in golfers' dress codes (e.g. mini-shorts). Abstention from Cataraqui Club parties 'because I haven't got a man to go with'; participation in bridge club. Early pro members of Cataraqui Club: Bob Cunningham, Dick Green. Subject's acceptance of discriminatory fees, timetable restrictions placed on women in golf club; belief that members free to play on weekdays ought not to clutter the course outside business hours. Club election of male and female presidents; usual appointment of male president to club presidency. Male-female championship tournament trophy, seldom won by women (once by subject); subject's 'intense annoyance' with illogical assignation of runner-up award, ungenerous stroke differential, rendering male victory certain, trophy itself meaningless. Cataraqui Club fire, 1973.

File consists of a recording of Mary Alice Murray. Topics of the conversation include hardworking poverty of students enrolled at Queen's to upgrade teaching certificates; 'big effort' of Dept. of Extension students (female teachers and male ministers) to obtain degrees. Procedure of two women from Gr. 13 class, Notre Dame convent, to university (poverty of many, lack of familial support); own notion, derived from instructress, of higher education as responsibility (noblesse oblige). University as road for women to teaching or librarianship only; selection of courses on grounds of pleasure, ability. Value of Latin as mental discipline, foundation of literacy; resurgence in school curricula. Eventual marriage of 90% of female university contemporaries (often to university acquaintances); single status as a woman's 'last choice'. Women's lack of financial motive in attending university, enjoyment of study for its own sake, unselfish ambition, freedom from craving for success. Employment in government income tax office, 1941-57, while living with parents. Deaths of parents; enrolment in Queen's newly-opened law school (surprised by its existence); small number of women law students (12/100 at bar admission, Toronto, 1961); rare status as mature student taking second degree. Positive, sceptical response of several friends, sympathy of income tax boss, 'he approved of all these efforts and went to bat for me.' Bored reaction to income tax work, 'still searching for something'; extensive outside reading. Loss of old friends by the wayside (to marriage etc.), continual necessity of making new ones; early education in independence as only child; affectionate attachment to live-in uncle, distress during law school over his death. Position as sole female graduate of first class of Queen's law school; friendly diversity of class members, parties at subject's home. Generalist nature of Queen's law programme, inability then to specialize. Revulsion against prospect of teaching law; appointment as Secretary, Queen's Faculty of Law; halt to degree at LLB stage. Small registration (85 students, 8 faculty); truth of Dr. Lederman's prophecy subject's job would be an evolving one; enjoyment, satisfaction, of registrarial career. Dedication of Dr. Lederman to Faculty of Law, extensive public relations efforts.// Setting of academic tone of Queen's Faculty of Law by Drs. Corry, Lederman. Importance in life of 'a certain turning outwards', concern for other people; narcissism as self-destruction. Single status as a helpful factor in unstinting professional service; married women's conflicts of interest, strong sense of duty to family, home; dependence of men's success in careers on singleminded freedom from necessity to look after themselves. Levelling off in law school applications, possibility of having reached demand limits for Ontario lawyers. Longlived university attitude to women as mere sexual items, jocular leering over women's applica tions, essays at wit 'We realise you came here for your MRS’; lack of motivation to encourage women to apply. Careful thought given to subject's initial title, 'Secretary of the Law School' (equivalent to current 'Assistant Dean'). Valued personal contact with students as law school Registrar. Value of university where women hold key visible positions, hope that such positions do not 'gravitate back' into hands of men. Inspirational character of Registrar Jean Royce; Royce's invaluable service to faculty and students. Importance of meeting both pure academic and applied career needs of students; value of pure academic liberty to roam through course offerings, sampling disciplines which one may not pursue but which are nonetheless stimulating. Middle-aged woman's fascination with new courses available thirty years after her original studies. Ban Righ Foundation for Continuing University Education (support body for mature female students); warm reception of mature students by Queen's student body; valuable contribution of mature students to university life. Queen's policy of attracting students from across Canada: value in dispelling likeminded sterility, providing graduates with nation-wide network of contacts. Dramatic increase in number of Kingston law firms willing to accept women articling students; lawyers' delight in 'superb' women lawyers. judges' increased acceptance of women lawyers. Logical reasoning as the preserve of female as well as male human beings; irritating expression, 'She thinks like a man.' Disadvantaged position of business women; Sam Zion's Toronto Star advice column; Things My Mother Never Taught Me. Re-education of public tendency to assume any unspecified professional must be a man; continuing small-scale insults to women (e.g. by radio­ broadcasters). Appreciation of women's movement protests (even when strident, objectionable) as sole means of forcing men's attention to problem of unequal status of women.

File consists of a recording of Marjorie Bates. Topics of the conversation include childhood in Prince Edward County; enrolment at Queen's following family tradition. Resistance to Ban Righ regulations after lenient years at YWCA, Hen Coop; close affiliation of women residents with male rugby team. Determined social life, desirability of attending all dances; general introduction of men to women at Freshmen's Reception, Grant Hall. Superficial assessment of dates by looks, dancing; moral firmness, abhorrence of 'sordid' advances likely to spoil the fun; appreciation of 'pure fun' feeling that lasts a lifetime. Lack of participation in student politics, feeling that students are too young to handle them. University socializing at that time as leading perhaps to engagement, not to marriage. Subject's engagement, later broken; mother's insistence that she not marry while ignorant of the household arts; year's attendance at MacDonald Institute, Guelph, splendid education in domestic, dietetic skills. Employment as private dietician for sanatorium, movie director's wife, while staying in Los Angeles; return home at parents' bidding. Attendance at Ontario College of Education; six years' enjoyable teaching (1930-36), marriage to school principal. OCE warning that 50% of students would not get jobs. EngIish instruction at Port Arthur Collegiate; position at Burlington Central High; enthusiastic participation in dramatic events, continued with pleasure after retirement: newspaper article 'Goodbye Mrs.Chips' following husband's retirement (1964). Subject's philosophy of education: belief in exams, standards, as preparation for life; dislike of 'open concept' schooling as too confusing, distracting for discussion purposes. Mental backbone of her generation, despite frivolity; 'tough' quality compared with today's coddled students. Ten-year gap between subject's graduation, marriage; lack of parental pressure to marry. Grant Hall as focal point of Queen's experience, site of examinations, initiation, dances, etc. Initiation programme, later abolished due to one participant's heart failure. Initiation psychology: emotional impact of two weeks' subservience to seniors, public ridicule, ending in formal acceptance by seniors at Candlelighting service; tremendous bonds formed as result of ordeal. All-night formals at Grant Hall, glories of a by-gone era; disappointment of gym formal 5 years later. Subject as founding member of flourishing Burlington Arts and Letters Society; volunteer involvement with United Church Women of Canada; 12-year participation, presidency, in Joseph Brant Hospital Auxiliary.

Joseph Brant pre-operative programme for children, leading up to hospital experience. Possible role of hospital Auxiliary in heart resuscitation education: present-day need for life-saving skills, subject's desire to 'train the whole town'. Male participation in Auxiliary. Subject's belief in strict supervision of volunteers, rules preventing them from helping patients in natural ways leading to accidents, liability. Decade of frequent travel, effectively distancing husband from work after retirement. Home study preparation for travel; enjoyment of Africa, Scandinavia; designing trips as immersion into national culture, home­ life. Subject's feeling of having experienced everything in life at the right time: high school when attitudes were healthy; college without drugs, alcohol; teaching when the students were receptive; travel when places now barred/blown up were still accessible. Strong feeling that high school students aren't prepared for, shouldn't have to cope with, pressures such as social dope-pushing. Lesson of Depression years that current 'bureaucratic spending spree' won't work. Husband's citizenship award, 'Man of the Year'; portrait commissioned by students, scholarship founded in his name.

File consists of a recording of Anne-Marie Gaston. Topics of the conversation include women's timidity faced with a man's world; married women's titles, surnames. Mother's concern that subject should be self-supporting. Subject's interest in dance; Phys. Ed. training at Queen's; application to CUSO. With CUSO to India via far east: war, heat, culture shock. Western culture as it now affects women's safety in India. Silly assignment to village camp; finding own work in lieu of help from Delhi. Discovery of India through travel, self through isolation. Learning Indian dance: early rising, absence of dating custom leaving loneliness, plenty of time for dancing. Subject's dance background. Benefits of social abstention; effect of separation on male-female relationships; change as' cure. Subject's zoologist husband. Convenience of being a couple in India; women as the more interesting, watchable sex. Husband's choice of doctoral work to coincide with subject's location. Indian belief that you choose an activity to benefit yourself: delicious incomprehension of CUSO volunteer-worker's martyred stance. Appreciation of Oxford libraries; Oxford University degree-work on Indian art. Subject's performances in Canada; Canada Council research grant to return to India. Financial independence through dance: drumming up business; wide variety of people interested. Dance as a door to many aspects of Indian culture. Eastern culture boom (subject's involvement pre­dating hippie influx). Subject as intuitive learner; observation that in classical art, unlike folk art, understanding is manifested by a grasp of rules.//lndia as a place where you experience humanity clearly, in the raw; subject's appreciation of Hindu philosophy. Place of female in Hindu religion, society. Dependence, restriction, of North Indian women; relative freedom in south. Strange experience of going veiled. Female emancipation in upper classes; women's role in government. Expectation in India that women will do something; western expectation that women should remain subservient, unrecognized. Credit institution vice of requiring male credentials for loans, etc. Male-female stereotype reversals. Moral, amorous pressures on women to sacrifice themselves. Subject's peer group as a sample study in women's lots: women marrying early or late, rarely in between. Possible limiting effects of youthful marriage. Subject's belief in the carrying force of true ambition: if you want to do something, you do it. Subject's life at Queen's during sixties. Small group learning at Oxford. Different patterns of attending university; privilege of learning in a protective environment at a crucial life-stage. Failure of women to apply education. Destructive social pressures exerted on husband of successful wife. Male-female aspects of Indian dance; male chauvinism in stories portrayed. Subject's opinion that everyone should dance: value of informal movement and of discipline. Relation of discipline to liberation (by extension, to Women's Lib).

File consists of a recording of Christine Rice. Topics of the conversation include childhood recollection of stove-heated country school (Lanark County). Great-grandfather's forced enrolment in navy, emigration from Dublin; wounds incurred in War of 1812, reward of good farm in Drummond County. Rice family library, bookishness; uncle as first editor of Perth Courier. Horse-and-cutter winter rides to Perth Collegiate, thumbed sleigh-rides. WWI plan whereby students quitting school to do farmwork were automatically awarded junior matriculation. Normal school attendance, 1920; short spell teaching. Extramural work from Queen's to qualify as high school teacher; regular attendance 1923-27. Mother's approval of academic ambition (father's death in 1918). Summer work in Halifax fisheries. Counsel from Queen's professor not to follow her preference for Physics, but to enroll in Biology, Chemistry as more eligible, suitable fields for women. Decision to teach in lieu of anything more compatible; desire to support self, widowed mother. Residence in Ban Righ the year it opened. Card games, dances; skating exercise to clear the head before exams; showshoeing. Seminal philosophy course with Reid MacCallum, 'Philosophy as affected by Science'; subject's fascination with atomic theory, subtleties of probability and statistics compared with cut-and-dried mechanistic world-view. Philosophy as excellent preparation for the research scientist, 'to get away from the notion that facts are facts'. Subject's readings in philosophy; current interest in Canadian novel as means of comparing French Canadians and English Canadians. Opinion that, allowing for change, Canada should remain unified; similar reactions of both cultures (though French Canadians may think faster). Subject's medal in Biology. Smelly maritime bacterial study of lobster decomposition under Dr. Macleod (associate of Drs. Banting, Best). PhD work in tuberculosis research, BCG vaccine (completed in 1931) broken by year's research in immunology, diagnosis (Dept. of Health, Albany).//Discrimination against subject as PhD student by MD students at U. of T. Subject's ambition, Iimited to research: observation of how good researchers are lured, pushed into administrative work; self-deception of administrators who think they will find time for research sideline. Administrative interference in research-work: pressure from grant councils to publish prematurely; pressure to state in applications what one will not know till one concludes research. Taxpayers' clamour for results; need for both pure and applied science; outstanding imaginative abilities needed for basic research. Subject's 13-year period in Public Health work, Albany; return to Kingston (1943) to research immunizing agents ('against things the Germans didn't use, but might have used') for Dept. of National Defence, Division of Bacteriological Welfare. Return to Albany (1945) for year's research into Influenza B virus; realisation one should take out citizenship in country one resides in; feeling of irrefutable Canadian identity, return to Canada. Work in Health of Animals Division, Dept. of Agriculture. Subject's key paper on imperfect applicability of human immunology research findings to animal species, and vice versa; danger of generalizations made from animal research findings (e.g. cancer research); problems of relative dosage, susceptibilities; thalidimide scandal. Memories of Nazi preparations in Freiburg during early 1930s: economic depression; manipulation of unemployed youth into feeling useful, happy solidarity; Hitler's pathological abuse of power; subject's feeling that power corrupts even the good man. Retirement, 1967. Agricultural fellowship to study cattle brucellosis in New Zealand; work teaching results to students in Seoul, Korea on return trip. Retirement projects in Perth: gardening, budget-work for local senior citizens' centre. //Subject's feeling as female professional of having to produce more than male colleagues. Once-a-year conference attendance; delegation of extra conferences to junior colleagues, partly for their benefit, partly through irritation at wasted time; opinion that this was a professional mistake. Subject as President, Perth Queen's Alumni; Alumni quarter-yearly programmes. McMartin House Senior Citizens' centre: grant applications; building reconstruction by Heritage Foundation; crafts, social activities; membership drive, desire for young members as well as old, for benefit of all generations; income from quilting activities; expensive utilities budget, dependence on grants. Problem of running drop-in centre for people who won't drop in. Desire that McMartin gardening club develop into branch of horticultural society. McMartin House finances, rental income. Previous membership in the University Women's Club. Leisure activities; homework keeping up with scientific literature; study, work, as subject's major lifelong interests. Dislike of senior citizens' party 'hub-bub'; hearing difficulties as socially inhibiting factor in aged. Secure position in Albany during Depression; reminiscences of real estate bargains, raiIroad transients. Varying wisdom of regional governments in dealing with Depression: dismissal of specialists during economic crisis later regretted during WWII.

File consists of a recording of Marion Ross.